Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver and can be caused by many things. One cause of hepatitis is the most common chronic viral infection. Hepatitis B and C is a liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus
Both the virus that together have been reported killed around one million people a year worldwide, almost 500 million people are currently infected with hepatitis B or C chronic and one of three people have been exposed to one or both of the virus. Unlike hepatitis C, hepatitis B can be prevented by effective vaccination.
Hepatitis B is a liver infection that potentially life-threatening and is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
This disease is a major health problem worldwide and the most serious type of viral hepatitis, which is about twice as many compared with hepatitis C. Patients who become chronically infected with HBV are at higher risk to experience liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Four main ways of transmission of HBV was sexual contact, parenteral transmission from mother to baby during birth (through the skin or through the veins), and through infected body fluids.
Worldwide, approximately 2 billion people are estimate to have been infected with hepatitis B virus and more than 350 million have become chronic liver infection.
A vaccine against hepatitis B has been available since 1982, has been given to nearly all infants, and included in national immunization programs in many countries, including Indonesia. Hepatitis B vaccine is to reach the level of 95 percent effectiveness in preventing chronic HBV infection so it is considered as the first vaccine to fight cancer.
Hepatitis B immunization series consists of three primary doses of vaccine with the first dose is given as soon as possible after the baby is born.
Until the end of 2009, 46 countries in Europe have been implementing a universal hepatitis B immunization with 29 countries implementing universal newborn, 15 countries adopted infant immunization at the age of 2-3 months, the three countries to apply to children and adolescents, as well as six countries implement vaccination for adults with high risk because of sexual behavior and injecting drug users.
Chronic and acute
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease.
Globally, the estimated 130-170 million people chronically infected with HCV and 3-4 million are newly infected each year. HCV transmitted primarily through direct contact with human blood and mainly transmitted parenterally and vertically from mother to child.
The primary cause of HCV infection worldwide is use of unscreened transfusions of blood without strict, reuse needles or syringes are not sterilized adequately.
Sharing needles, syringes and medical equipment by injecting drug users represents a significant contribution to infection, especially in Europe.
Chronic hepatitis C causes a higher risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently there is no vaccine against HCV is available.
Some effective preventive measures, including screening, blood tests, and more stringent donor organs, the use of blood plasma products, which were tightened, better infection control and safe injection practices in patient care in hospitals.
Campaign
In 2008, the World Hepatitis Alliance has launched a campaign with the theme of global awareness-raising program "Am I Number 12?”
This campaign has a simple message designed to communicate the fact that one of 12 people worldwide are living with the virus of hepatitis B or C. Thus, the prevalence of hepatitis is much higher than any HIV or cancer.
It is also intended to encourage people to question ourselves, whether he was one of 12 people affected. With this self-questioning, not by others that seem critical, in general will be more effective and, if the symptoms fit, was expected to undergo a medical examination voluntarily.
The campaign has had great success and in 2010 the World Hepatitis Alliance launched a new campaign theme, "This is Hepatitis & hellip". This campaign for the first time revealing story of a real spread of viral hepatitis and in fact delivered by people who are closest to those affected by the disease.
Campaign initiative is led entirely by the patients themselves hepatitis which aims to increase public awareness about the dangers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
Long-term goal of the campaign is to prevent new infections and to improve the quality of life for patients who are forced to live with hepatitis B and C.
With World Hepatitis Day this year, the expected knowledge of all parties to the dangers and prevention of hepatitis can be continuously improved. Hopefully the sufferers of chronic hepatitis still be able to fill out and enjoy the day-to-day management but with many limitations.
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